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Using a synthetic narrative approach, this ambitious work uses the lens of multipolarity to analyze Tang Chinas (618907) relations with Turkestan; the Korean states of Kogury, Silla, and Paekche; the state of Parhae in Manchuria; and the Nanzhao and Tibetan kingdoms. Without any one entity able to dominate Asias geopolitical landscape, the author argues that relations among these countries were quite fluid and dynamican interpretation that departs markedly from the prevalent view of China fixed at the center of a widespread tribute system. To cope with external affairs in a tumultuous world, Tang China employed a dual management system that allowed both central and local officials to conduct foreign affairs. The court authorized Tang local administrators to receive foreign visitors, forward their diplomatic letters to the capital, and manage contact with outsiders whose territories bordered on China. Not limited to handling routine matters, local officials used their knowledge of border situations to influence the courts foreign policy. Some even took the liberty of acting without the courts authorization when an emergency occurred, thus adding another layer to multipolarity in the regions geopolitics. The book also sheds new light on the ideological foundation of Tang Chinas foreign policy. Appropriateness, efficacy, expedience, and mutual self-interest guided the courts actions abroad. Although officials often used virtue and righteousness in policy discussions and announcements, these terms were not abstract universal principles but justifications for the pursuit of self-interest by those involved. Detailed philological studies reveal that in the realm of international politics, virtue and righteousness were in fact viewed as pragmatic and utilitarian in nature.Comprehensive and authoritative, Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia is a major work on Tang foreign relations that will reconceptualize our understanding of the complexities of diplomacy and war in imperial China. Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War to 906 Tang China existed in a multipolar East and Central Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War The World of East Asia and authoritativeTang China in Multi-Polar Asiais a major Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and A History of Diplomacy and War (The World of East Asia) note taking and highlighting while reading Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia : A History of Diplomacy Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia A History of Diplomacy and War Hardback; World of East Asia; To cope with external affairs in a tumultuous world Tang China Tang China in Multi-polar Asia - blogspotcom Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War World of East AsiaHardcover: 462 Comprehensive and authoritative Tang China in University of Hawaii Press - Tang China in Multi-polar Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War history Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: in imperial China 7 illus The World of East Asia Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia - Project MUSE Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy Multi-Polar Asia A History of Diplomacy and War relationsChina I Title II Series: World of East Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and Compre Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy A History of Diplomacy and War (The World of East Asia) Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia is a Tang China in multi-polar Asia : a history of diplomacy Tang China in multi-polar Asia : a history of diplomacy and war Tang China in multi-polar Asia The world of East Asia Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia is a major work on Tang foreign relations that will reconceptualize our
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